Morality

Morality is real: criterion and inner norm

• Confucius (confucius) — perfect virtue (ren) and righteousness (yi) are the core of the superior man (junzi); subdue yourself and return to propriety. Grounding: ren, yi, junzi.
• Adler (adler) — the sole universal criterion of value is social feeling: how much an act contributes to the common good; yet no moral verdict is passed on the person. Grounding: chuvstvo-obshchnosti-edinstvennyy-kriteriy, ne-sudit-moralnuyu-tsennost.
• Schopenhauer (schopenhauer) — the basis of morality is compassion, not calculation and not commandment. Grounding: sostradanie-osnova-morali.
• Tolstoy (tolstoy) — do not lie to yourself even for the sake of what is holy; killing is incompatible with faith, and a bad life shuts out the truth. Grounding: ne-lgi-sebe-dazhe-radi-svyatyni, ubiystvo-nesovmestimo-s-veroy, durnaya-zhizn-zakryvaet-istinu.

Morality as craft and paying practice

• Franklin (franklin) — virtue is a habit, not a conviction: a little book, a week per virtue; honesty is interest rightly understood. Grounding: dobrodetel-kak-navyk, prosveshchenny-egoizm, virtue-chart.
• Smiles (smiles) — character is the crown of life and worth more than wealth; an honest word is worth more than a bond. Grounding: character-the-crown, harakter-vazhnee-bogatstva.
• James Allen (james-allen) — the moral law is as causal as the physical: a man literally is what he thinks. Grounding: chelovek-est-to-chto-dumaet, ot-mysli-k-harakteru.

Morality as mask and symptom

• La Rochefoucauld (larochefoucauld) — virtues are most often vices in disguise; interest speaks all languages, including the language of disinterestedness. Grounding: dobrodeteli-pereodetye-poroki, interes-govorit-vsemi-yazykami, motiv-meryaet-postupok.
• Nietzsche (nietzsche) — there are no moral facts, only interpretations; the herd's "good" was produced by fear, and there are ranks of men and of moralities. Grounding: net-moralnykh-faktov, boyazn-mat-morali, moral-rabov-i-gospod, rangi-lyudey-i-moraley.
• Laozi (laozi) — ostentatious benevolence and righteousness come into vogue when the Tao is lost: morality-as-norm is a symptom of decline. Grounding: dao, de.

Morality is annulled by necessity

• Machiavelli (machiavelli) — he who professes goodness in everything comes to grief among so many who are not good: a ruler must know how to act against goodness, and he is judged by the result. Grounding: umet-postupat-ne-po-dobromu, sledovat-deystvitelnoy-pravde, kazatsya-vazhnee-chem-byt.

Axis of dispute: Nietzsche and La Rochefoucauld against Confucius, Franklin,
and Smiles — genealogy and unmasking against norm and habit; Machiavelli
against all the moralists — the effectual truth against the ought;
Schopenhauer against Nietzsche — compassion as the basis of morality against
compassion as hatred of the condition of growth.